Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

91.5K
Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
Over the many stages of cellular respiration, glucose breaks down into carbon dioxide and water. Electron carriers pick up electrons lost by glucose in these reactions, temporarily storing and releasing them into the electron...
91.5K
Density00:56

Density

19.3K
Density is an important characteristic of substances, crucial in determining whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid. Its SI unit is kg/m3, and its cgs unit is g/cm3. The density of an object helps in identifying its composition, and also reveals information about the phase of the matter and its substructure. The densities of liquids and solids are roughly comparable, consistent with the fact that their atoms are in close contact. However, gases have much lower densities than liquids and...
19.3K
Electron Affinity03:07

Electron Affinity

43.0K
The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change for adding an electron to a gaseous atom to form an anion (negative ion).
43.0K
Current Density01:21

Current Density

5.0K
The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
5.0K
Electron Behavior00:54

Electron Behavior

107.3K
Overview
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the...
107.3K
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

111.7K
The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
111.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Defect structure of yttria-stabilized hafnia nanoparticles.

IUCrJ·2026
Same author

Hybrid organic-inorganic polyoxovanadates with [M(en)<sub><i>n</i></sub>] (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) displaying (V<sub>4</sub>O<sub>13</sub>), (V<sub>15</sub>O<sub>36</sub>) or (V<sub>18</sub>O<sub>42</sub>) morphologies.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Electrical Junction at the Substrate-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticle Interface Governs Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Interplay of Redox Non-Innocence and Symmetry Breaking in a 4d Coordination Framework.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

<i>In situ</i> X-ray diffraction investigation of NiS <sub><i>x</i></sub> -formation on Ni-foam using chemical vapor deposition with H<sub>2</sub>S.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction study reveals bulk intermediate M2 phase during the VO<sub>2</sub> insulator-to-metal transition.

Chemical science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
07:37

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: December 20, 2012

13.3K

Electron Density Studies in Materials Research.

Kasper Tolborg1, Bo B Iversen1

  • 1Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Analyzing electron density reveals chemical bonding insights crucial for rational material design. This approach enhances understanding of material properties beyond structural analysis, bridging experimental and theoretical methods.

Keywords:
bondingelectron densitymaterials chemistrymethods

More Related Videos

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

6.8K
Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
07:37

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: December 20, 2012

13.3K
Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

6.8K
Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope
11:14

Comprehensive Characterization of Extended Defects in Semiconductor Materials by a Scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: May 28, 2016

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Rational material design relies on understanding structure-property relationships, which are governed by chemical bonding.
  • Electron density provides an experimentally observable link between structure, bonding, and properties.
  • Advances in X-ray diffraction and computational methods enable detailed electron density analysis in complex materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review electron density studies across diverse material classes.
  • To demonstrate how electron density analysis deepens the understanding of chemical bonding and material properties.
  • To highlight the synergy between experimental and theoretical approaches in materials science.

Main Methods:

  • Review of selected literature studies on electron density distributions.
  • Analysis of experimental X-ray diffraction data.
  • Application of computational techniques for electronic structure calculations.

Main Results:

  • Electron density studies offer insights into thermoelectric materials, electrides, coordination polymers, and non-linear optical materials.
  • Detailed chemical bonding analysis based on electron density provides understanding beyond simple structural concepts.
  • Specific examples include explaining conductivity in Zintl semiconductors and electrical polarization in host-guest systems.

Conclusions:

  • Electron density analysis is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of material properties and chemical bonding.
  • The complementarity of theory and experiment allows for mutual validation and refinement of chemical bonding concepts.
  • This approach facilitates the design of advanced functional materials by providing deeper mechanistic insights.