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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

748
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
748
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

1.6K
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
1.6K
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

1.6K
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
1.6K
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

726
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
726
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

376
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
376
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

152
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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Intraluminal Drug Delivery to the Mouse Arteriovenous Fistula Endothelium
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Hyaluronan as tunable drug delivery system.

Alberto Passi1, Davide Vigetti1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|August 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hyaluronan (HA) is a vital extracellular matrix polymer regulating cell functions and tissue repair. Its unique properties enable applications in regenerative medicine, cosmetics, and drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
ExtracellularmatrixGlycosaminoglycansHAHyaluronanHyaluronidaseHydrogelO-GlcNAcylationProteoglycansUDP-sugars

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Hyaluronan (HA) is a crucial linear polysaccharide in the mammalian extracellular matrix.
  • It plays key roles in cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation.
  • HA concentration and size are tightly regulated by synthesis and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological functions of hyaluronan (HA).
  • To explore mechanisms controlling HA content in mammalian tissues.
  • To highlight HA's applications in regenerative medicine and drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hyaluronan (HA) biology and applications.
  • Analysis of HA's structural properties and functions in extracellular matrix.
  • Examination of HA's role in physiological and pathological processes.

Main Results:

  • HA influences critical biological processes and is implicated in various pathologies.
  • Its capacity to form hydrogels at low concentrations yields scaffolds with unique mechanical properties.
  • HA is a versatile biomaterial for regenerative medicine, cosmetics, and drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Hyaluronan (HA) is a fundamental biomacromolecule with diverse biological roles.
  • Understanding HA regulation is key to addressing related pathologies.
  • HA's structural and gelling properties make it a valuable component in advanced therapeutic applications.