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Environmental determinants associated with acute otitis media in children: a longitudinal study

Gijs van Ingen1,2, Carlijn M P le Clercq3,4, Carolina E Touw3

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. g.vaningen@erasmusmc.nl.

Pediatric Research
|August 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Identifying risk factors for acute otitis media (AOM) in children is crucial. Male gender, household smoking, siblings, and pet birds increase AOM risk, while breastfeeding offers protection, especially early in life.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Acute otitis media (AOM) is a prevalent pediatric illness and a primary indication for antibiotic prescriptions.
  • Understanding the environmental and host-related factors influencing AOM incidence is essential for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify environmental and host factors associated with AOM in children.
  • To determine how these associations vary with age during early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based prospective cohort study involving 7863 children from fetal life to 6 years.
  • Longitudinal data collection via questionnaires, analyzed using generalized estimating equation models to assess age-specific AOM associations.

Main Results:

  • Male gender, postnatal household smoking, presence of siblings, and pet birds were linked to increased AOM odds.
  • Breastfeeding demonstrated a protective effect, most pronounced within the first two months of life.
  • No significant associations were found for birth season, maternal age, ethnicity, birth weight deviations, prenatal smoking, furry pets, or daycare attendance.

Conclusions:

  • The risk of childhood AOM is age-dependent.
  • Key determinants like gender and breastfeeding show age-specific associations with AOM.
  • Household smoking, siblings, and pet birds consistently increase AOM risk across the studied ages.
Abstract

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