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A review of the mechanism by which exploding bridge-wire detonators function.

P J Rae1, P M Dickson1

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Exploding bridge-wire (EBW) detonators and similar devices operate via a thermal explosion process. This is driven by the formation of high-power, ultraviolet-emitting hot plasma, unifying their initiation mechanisms.

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bridge-wiredetonatorpentaerythritol tetranitrite (PETN)

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Area of Science:

  • Explosives and Energetic Materials
  • Plasma Physics
  • Detonation Physics

Background:

  • Exploding bridge-wire (EBW) detonators are critical energetic devices.
  • The precise initiation mechanism of EBW detonators is debated, with theories including shock-to-detonation and thermal processes.
  • Understanding detonator mechanisms is crucial for safety and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review open-source literature on EBW detonators.
  • To establish a unified understanding of the operational mechanism of EBW, arc, and direct optical initiation detonators.
  • To investigate the role of plasma formation in detonator initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature review of scientific publications on detonator devices.
  • Comparative analysis of different detonator types (EBW, arc, direct optical initiation).
  • Hypothesis formulation based on observed phenomena and theoretical principles.

Main Results:

  • The literature presents conflicting views on EBW detonator mechanisms (shock vs. thermal).
  • Decoupling shock and deflagration effects is possible by reviewing related detonator types.
  • A unified hypothesis suggests hot plasma formation drives thermal explosion in all three detonator types.

Conclusions:

  • The operational mechanism for EBW, arc, and direct optical initiation detonators is hypothesized to be the same.
  • The formation of a high-power (≈1 MW) hot plasma emitting in the ultraviolet is the key initiator.
  • This plasma drives a thermal explosion process, unifying the understanding of these detonators.