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Efficient triple-VENC phase-contrast MRI for improved velocity dynamic range.

Liliana E Ma1,2, Michael Markl1,2, Kelvin Chow1,3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|August 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces triple velocity-encoding (VENC) 4D flow MRI, which improves velocity unwrapping without increasing scan time. This technique enhances the dynamic range of velocity measurements compared to dual-VENC methods.

Keywords:
4D flowVENC(s)cardiac MRIvelocity dynamic rangevelocity sensitivityvelocity to noise ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • 4D flow MRI is crucial for cardiovascular assessment, but aliasing limits velocity measurements.
  • Velocity aliasing necessitates unwrapping techniques, with dual-VENC being a common approach.
  • Existing methods may not fully resolve complex flow patterns, impacting diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an efficient triple velocity-encoding (VENC) 4D flow MRI technique.
  • To assess its ability to improve velocity unwrapping compared to dual-VENC methods.
  • To determine if this can be achieved within the same scan time as dual-VENC.

Main Methods:

  • A balanced 7-point acquisition generated three VENC datasets for unwrapping.
  • Triple-VENC MRI was tested in vitro (rotating and pulsatile phantoms) and in vivo (thoracic aorta).
  • Quantitative assessment involved comparing triple-VENC (triconditional, biconditional) and dual-VENC algorithms against a reference single-VENC scan.

Main Results:

  • Triple-VENC showed high correlation with analytical solutions in phantoms (ICC=0.984-0.995).
  • Velocity noise was reduced by up to 61% compared to single-VENC.
  • Triconditional triple-VENC unwrapping outperformed dual-VENC, correctly unwrapping 83% more voxels in vitro and 46%-66% more in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Triple-VENC 4D flow MRI offers enhanced velocity unwrapping without extending scan duration.
  • This technique expands the velocity dynamic range beyond current dual-VENC capabilities.
  • It holds potential for more accurate quantification of complex cardiovascular flows.