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Cancer

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Cancer Prevention

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis in SJL Mice

Published on: December 17, 2010

Cancer immunotherapy-associated hypophysitis.

Franklin Castillero¹, Omar Castillo-Fernández¹, Geiner Jiménez-Jiménez²

¹Oncology Department, Instituto Oncológico Nacional de Panamá, 04433, Panamá.

Future Oncology (London, England)

|August 20, 2019

Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, used in cancer therapy, can cause immune-related hypophysitis. This review covers the pathophysiology and management of this common, potentially irreversible endocrine adverse event.

Keywords:

CTLA-4 PD-1 hypophysitis immune-related adverse events immunotherapy

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Endocrinology

Background:

Cancer immunotherapies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 are increasingly used for melanoma and NSCLC.
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a significant consequence of these therapies.
Immune-related hypophysitis is the most frequent endocrine irAE, often non-reversible.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current data on the pathophysiology of immune-related hypophysitis.
To outline current management strategies for immune-related hypophysitis.
To highlight the clinical challenge posed by this irAE.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors and hypophysitis.
Analysis of data regarding the incidence, prevalence, and mechanisms of immune-related hypophysitis.
Synthesis of information on clinical presentation and management protocols.

Main Results:

Immune-related hypophysitis is a common, potentially irreversible endocrine irAE.
Pathophysiology involves immune system activation against pituitary gland.
Early recognition and management are crucial for patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

Immune-related hypophysitis requires careful clinical consideration due to its potential non-reversibility.
Management strategies are evolving to address this irAE.
Increased use of immunotherapy in earlier cancer stages will likely increase hypophysitis incidence.