Analysis of mismanaged plastic waste in Samoa to suggest proper waste management in Pacific island countries

Pacific island countries are facing critical challenges in managing the growing amount of increasingly diverse wastes because of changing lifestyles and the concentration of populations in urban areas. Although marine plastic waste is an issue in the Pacific region, there have been almost no studies of the estimation and impacts of ocean plastic waste, and measures to control such waste, in these countries. Here, first we conducted a questionnaire survey about consumption and disposal of plastic products at households in Samoa as one of the examples of Pacific island countries to grasp the flow of plastic materials and awareness or behaviour for plastic waste. Then we quantified ocean plastic waste and discussed the effective and needed countermeasures in Pacific island countries. The total amount of mismanaged plastic waste was estimated to be 327,000 or 156,000 t y^-1 (depending on the scenario) in Pacific island countries. The regional Pacific island countries contribution to the global total mismanaged plastic waste was estimated to range from 1.3% to 2.7%. The amount of mismanaged plastic waste per capita in some Pacific island countries, such as Solomon Islands and Micronesia, was also ranked highly globally. The main reasons seem to be that waste collection rates are relatively low in rural areas and rates of plastic waste generation are high. To implement solutions, including improving municipal solid waste collection, reducing plastic waste, improving the collection and recycling of plastics, and the integration of a number of policies is essential.