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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research focused on emotional responses, not anticipation.
  • Age-related differences in emotional processing are not fully understood, especially during anticipation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate age-related differences in emotional anticipation's effect on affective responses and memory.
  • Examine how anticipating emotional stimuli influences memory encoding in young and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan young and older adults.
  • Participants encoded negative and neutral images preceded by predictive cues.
  • Multivariate behavioral partial least squares (PLS) analysis was employed to analyze brain activity and memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Greater anticipatory activation in the amygdala, vmPFC, and hippocampus in older adults predicted poorer memory for negative images.
  • Older adults showed increased vmPFC activation, decreased amygdala activation, and worse memory for negative images following negative cues.
  • Younger adults showed the opposite pattern, with better memory for negative images.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first evidence linking anticipatory emotional regulation to age-related memory differences.
  • The "positivity effect" in older adults' memory may stem from spontaneous suppression of negative affect during anticipation.
  • Anticipatory emotional regulation strategies differ significantly between young and older adults.