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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Bode Plots Construction01:24

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The Bode plot is an essential tool in control system analysis, mapping the frequency response of a system through a magnitude plot and a phase plot, both against a logarithmic frequency axis. To construct a Bode plot, consider the transfer function H(ω):
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Construction of Root Locus01:15

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The construction of a root locus involves several key steps to analyze and visualize the behavior of a system's poles with varying gain. The number of branches in the root locus equals the number of closed-loop poles and is symmetrical about the real axis.
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Construction of Frequency Distribution01:15

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A frequency distribution table can be constructed using the steps given below.
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Stress Distribution During Cold Compression of Rocks and Mineral Aggregates Using Synchrotron-based X-Ray Diffraction
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The Gap Rock Lighthouse: construction and typhoon damage.

K Y Deng1, S W Poon1

  • 1Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|August 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Gap Rock lighthouse, a 130-year-old maritime structure, faced severe typhoon damage due to siting and design flaws. This highlights the need for thorough geographical surveys in infrastructure planning, especially with climate change.

Keywords:
Gap Rock Lighthousecontributing factorsdesign and constructiontyphoon damage

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Area of Science:

  • Maritime history
  • Civil engineering
  • Heritage conservation

Background:

  • The Gap Rock lighthouse, built 130 years ago, represents an early joint venture between the Qing Dynasty, British Empire, and Hong Kong Colonial Government.
  • Its construction spanned two decades, facing significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the origin and construction history of the Gap Rock lighthouse.
  • To analyze the causes of severe damage to the lighthouse compound by a 1893 typhoon.
  • To provide insights into heritage structure resilience against environmental loading.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-territorial archival research and field studies over four years.
  • In-depth interviews with descendants of key stakeholders.
  • Qualitative analysis of damage factors, considering topography and historical weather data.
  • Reconstruction of typhoon impact to identify design and siting issues.

Main Results:

  • The lighthouse experienced considerable damage from a severe typhoon in 1893.
  • Analysis identified potential mistakes in siting and design as key contributing factors to the damage.
  • The island's unique topography and historical weather patterns influenced the typhoon's impact.

Conclusions:

  • Thorough geographical investigation is crucial for infrastructure planning and design.
  • Lessons learned from the Gap Rock lighthouse emphasize the importance of site-specific assessments for heritage structures facing environmental change.
  • This study contributes to understanding environmental loading on heritage structures.