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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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How I investigate bone marrow necrosis.

Anne Deucher1, Geoffrey D Wool2

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.

International Journal of Laboratory Hematology
|August 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bone marrow necrosis is a rare finding in antemortem biopsies, with diverse causes like malignancy or infection. Evaluating clinical and morphologic findings is crucial for diagnosis.

Keywords:
bone marrowmorphologynecrosisneoplasiasickle cellthrombosis

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Area of Science:

  • Hematopathology
  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Bone marrow necrosis is infrequently encountered in antemortem bone marrow biopsy specimens.
  • Its clinical significance can be challenging to determine, with prevalence ranging from 0.3% to 2%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a strategic approach for evaluating bone marrow necrosis in antemortem biopsy specimens.
  • To outline the differential diagnosis and clinical associations of bone marrow necrosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of bone marrow biopsy specimens.
  • Analysis of clinical records, including medical history, presentation, and laboratory findings.
  • Morphologic review of bone marrow with ancillary stains.

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous causes of bone marrow necrosis: malignancy, infections, autoimmune diseases, thrombotic disorders, G-CSF exposure, and hemoglobinopathies.
  • Associated clinical findings include bone pain, fever, cytopenias, elevated LDH and ferritin, and leukoerythroblastosis.
  • Rarely associated with fat embolization syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, neurologic dysfunction, and multiorgan failure.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive evaluation combining clinical and morphologic data is essential for diagnosing bone marrow necrosis.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies and clinical context is critical for effective patient management.