Structured External Memory Aid Treatment for Mild Cognitive Impairment

Purpose The aims of this study were (a) to examine the effects of a structured external memory aid (EMA) treatment for individuals with possible mild neurocognitive disorder on their use of EMAs to compensate for memory impairments, (b) to examine the extent that improved functional EMA use maintains following intervention, and (c) to measure the effects of treatment on participants' self-reported memory skills. Method The researchers employed a multiple-baseline design across subjects within dyads. Data were collected using the Roleplay Assessment. The graphed data were analyzed visually at baseline, treatment, and maintenance sessions. In addition, the researchers examined the participants' self-report of memory skills through an experimental pre-post design. Results Following intervention, a functional strategy use treatment effect was observed. All 6 participants' graphs revealed a large positive change in level, with no overlapping data. Statistical analyses also supported the positive effects of treatment. The participants maintained the use of strategies for 1-3 months. The participants self-reported a statistically significant increase in strategy use following intervention. Conclusions With treatment, individuals with mild memory impairments can learn to use EMAs to facilitate enhanced performance on functional activities. This study provides evidence for the importance of documenting individual treatment effects and using a functional measure to examine compensatory strategy use in everyday tasks.