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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Entomology
  • Vector-Borne Disease Control

Background:

  • Larviciding involves applying insecticides to aquatic mosquito stages to prevent adult mosquito populations.
  • This review evaluates the efficacy of larviciding in preventing malaria transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize evidence on whether larviciding with chemical or microbial insecticides prevents malaria transmission.
  • To assess the impact of larviciding on malaria incidence and prevalence.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, and clinical trial registries up to June 2019.
  • Included cluster-randomized controlled trials, interrupted time series, and controlled before-and-after studies comparing larviciding to no larviciding.
  • Assessed study eligibility, risk of bias, and certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.

Main Results:

  • Four studies (one cRCT, two CBAs, one non-randomized cross-over) met inclusion criteria, all using ground application.
  • In small aquatic habitats (< 1 km²), larviciding showed a potential reduction in malaria incidence (low-certainty evidence) and prevalence (low-certainty evidence).
  • In large aquatic habitats (> 1 km²), larviciding did not demonstrate a significant effect on malaria incidence or prevalence (very low-certainty evidence).

Conclusions:

  • Ground larviciding for small larval habitats may impact malaria transmission, primarily using microbial agents.
  • Evidence for larviciding effectiveness in large aquatic habitats is lacking.
  • No studies evaluated large-scale application techniques like aerial spraying.