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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies
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Method to Convert Stem Cells into Cancer Stem Cells.

Said M Afify1,2, Ling Chen1, Ting Yan1

  • 1Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

Methods and Protocols
|August 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor growth and recurrence. This study details a protocol for generating CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to study cancer initiation and develop new treatments.

Keywords:
cancer stem cellsconditioned medium (CM)embryonic stem cells (ESCs)induced pluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis posits that tumors originate from a small population of stem-like cells.
  • CSCs are implicated in tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis, and treatment resistance across various cancers.
  • In vitro CSC models are crucial for understanding cancer development, tumor microenvironment, and heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a protocol for generating cancer stem cells (CSCs) from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
  • To facilitate the study of the essential niche involved in cancer initiation and malignant transformation.
  • To provide valuable materials for developing novel cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Reprogramming normal cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • Culturing and differentiating iPSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into CSCs.
  • Identifying optimal conditions and timing for CSC generation.

Main Results:

  • Successful generation of CSCs from mouse iPSCs and ESCs.
  • Demonstrated ability of generated CSCs to differentiate into various cell types, forming a CSC niche.
  • Established a protocol for handling and converting iPSCs/ESCs into CSCs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CSC generation protocol is essential for investigating the role of CSCs in cancer initiation and progression.
  • Understanding the cancer-inducing niche can reveal mechanisms of normal cell malignant transformation and inform cancer prevention strategies.
  • Generated CSCs serve as valuable models for exploring cancer biology and developing targeted therapeutic interventions.