Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

5.8K
Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
5.8K
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

390
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
390
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

402
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
402
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

575
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
575
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

6.6K
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
6.6K
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

553
Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
553

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ten simple rules for researchers who want to develop web apps.

PLoS computational biology·2022
Same journal

RETRACTED: Zhang et al. A Novel Framework for Reconstruction and Imaging of Target Scattering Centers via Wide-Angle Incidence in Radar Networks. <i>Sensors</i> 2025, <i>25</i>, 6802.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Enhancing Unsupervised Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Person Re-Identification via Mixture of Experts and Graph-Based Relation.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development of an Instrumented Glove for Palmar Pressure Assessment in Kayakers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Experimental Validation of an Autonomous IoT-Based Monitoring System for Real-Time Water Quality Assessment in the Amazon River.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Semi-Supervised Adversarial Learning Framework for Controller Area Network Bus Intrusion Detection.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Smart Optimization Method for Safety Signs in Innovative Manufacturing Environments Integrating Industrial Field IoT Sensors and Knowledge Graphs.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

High-throughput Imaging and Analysis Workflow for Evaluating Skin Cell Phenotypes and Proliferation States in Tissue Samples
11:24

High-throughput Imaging and Analysis Workflow for Evaluating Skin Cell Phenotypes and Proliferation States in Tissue Samples

Published on: October 31, 2025

679

A Framework for Evaluating Field-Based, High-Throughput Phenotyping Systems: A Meta-Analysis.

Sierra N Young1

  • 1Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. syoung2@ncsu.edu.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing turnkey field-based, high-throughput phenotyping (FB-HTP) systems is challenging. A new framework evaluates system complexity and utility, identifying bottlenecks in data handling, usability, and standardization for better FB-HTP solutions.

Keywords:
complexity analysishuman-machine interactionsystems analysistechnology adoption

More Related Videos

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

77.3K
High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages
11:10

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages

Published on: August 11, 2014

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

High-throughput Imaging and Analysis Workflow for Evaluating Skin Cell Phenotypes and Proliferation States in Tissue Samples
11:24

High-throughput Imaging and Analysis Workflow for Evaluating Skin Cell Phenotypes and Proliferation States in Tissue Samples

Published on: October 31, 2025

679
Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI
06:26

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

77.3K
High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages
11:10

High-throughput Assay to Phenotype Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Association, Invasion, and Replication in Macrophages

Published on: August 11, 2014

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Plant Science
  • System Engineering

Background:

  • Field-based, high-throughput phenotyping (FB-HTP) systems offer advanced capabilities but face challenges in achieving turnkey deployment.
  • Despite technological advancements and cost reductions, successful implementation of integrated FB-HTP solutions remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a framework for evaluating the complexity and utility of FB-HTP systems.
  • To identify key barriers and areas for improvement in the development and adoption of FB-HTP systems.
  • To guide future research and development for more robust and user-friendly FB-HTP solutions.

Main Methods:

  • A framework was developed to systematically evaluate FB-HTP systems.
  • System factorization was performed, rating the complexity and utility of subsystems and overall systems.
  • Ten case studies were analyzed using the framework to identify development and adoption barriers.

Main Results:

  • The framework provides insights into trends and relationships within system complexity and utility factors.
  • Identified bottlenecks include data handling and transfer, human-machine interaction, and lack of design standardization.
  • Complexity and utility drivers need to be balanced for successful FB-HTP system development.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed in data management, user interface design, and standardization for FB-HTP systems.
  • The developed framework can assess existing and proposed FB-HTP systems to pinpoint areas for enhancement.
  • Implementing this framework can optimize the development and deployment of effective FB-HTP solutions.