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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Measuring the Structure, Composition, and Change of Underwater Environments with Large-area Imaging
Published on: April 18, 2025
Dynamic Walking of a Legged Robot in Underwater Environments
Gerardo Portilla1,2, Roque Saltarén3,4, Francisco Montero de Espinosa5
1Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Escuela Técnica Superior De Ingenieros Industriales, 28006 Madrid, Spain. gerardo.portilla.tuesta@alumnos.upm.es.
Abstract:
In this research, the dynamic walking of a legged robot in underwater environments is proposed. For this goal, the underwater zero moment point (Uzmp) is proposed in order to generate the trajectory of the centre of the mass of the robot. Also, the underwater zero moment point auxiliary (Uzmp aux.) is employed to stabilize the balance of the robot before it undergoes any external perturbations. The concept demonstration of a legged robot with hydraulic actuators is developed. Moreover, the control that was used is described and the hydrodynamic variables of the robot are determined. The results demonstrate the validity of the concepts that are proposed in this article, and the dynamic walking of the legged robot in an underwater environment is successfully demonstrated.
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