Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Vacuum-Sealed Hot Water Bath Immersion for the Preparation of Anatomical and Surgical Cadaveric Bone Models
Published on: December 2, 2022
Biomechanical comparison of anterolateral ligament anatomical reconstruction with a semi-anatomical lateral
Cristian Jette1, David Gutierrez1, Sergi Sastre1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
Background:
To compare the biomechanical behavior of an anterolateral ligament (ALL) anatomical reconstruction and a semianatomical lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) in the context of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction combined with an anterolateral lesion.
Methods:
Twelve cadaveric knees were studied using a testing machine to assess the internal tibial rotation and anterior tibial translation across six surgical states: intact knee, ACL lesion, ACL + ALL lesion, ACL isolated reconstruction, ACL + ALL anatomical reconstruction and ACL + LET procedure. ALL and LET grafts were fixed at full knee extension and neutral rotation.
Results:
Presented with combined ACL and ALL lesions, isolated ACL reconstruction failed to restore the internal tibial rotation to intact-knee values (P > 0.05 for all angles). The addition of both an ALL reconstruction and LET procedure significantly reduced the internal rotation, restoring the rotation laxity to intact-knee values at 0° and 30° of flexion (P < 0.05) and with a certain level of overconstraint at 60° and 90° (mean 3° ± 2SD). A higher tendency to overconstraint was observed with the LET, but there was no significant difference when comparing the ALL reconstruction with the LET (P > 0.05 for all angles).
Conclusions:
Residual rotational laxity was found after isolated ACL reconstruction in the presence of an anterolateral lesion. The combination of ACL reconstruction with anatomical ALL reconstruction or the LET procedure resulted in restoration to intact-knee values but with a certain degree of overconstraint in higher flexion angles. Both techniques showed optimal biomechanical results with no data supporting the advantage of one over the other.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Anatomical Positions
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...

