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Related Concept Videos

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
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When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
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Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors.

Bryan D Paulsen1, Klas Tybrandt2, Eleni Stavrinidou2

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This summary is machine-generated.

Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) are crucial for advanced electronics and energy storage. This study advances understanding of their coupled charge transport for improved material design and device performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) are essential for next-generation bioelectronic, optoelectronic, and energy storage devices.
  • Their performance relies on efficient ionic and electronic charge transport and coupling, necessitating specialized understanding beyond single-charge carrier materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in the design and study of OMIECs.
  • To clarify fundamental physical processes governing OMIEC properties and device performance.
  • To address conflicting terminology and highlight new approaches for advancing OMIEC understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on OMIEC design and characterization.
  • Analysis of fundamental physical processes, including ionic and electronic interactions and coupled transport.
  • Discussion of multimodal and multi-scale approaches for OMIEC research.

Main Results:

  • OMIECs offer tunable properties for diverse applications.
  • Interrelated physical processes dictate OMIEC behavior and device outcomes.
  • Recent approaches enhance fundamental understanding of charging processes in OMIECs.

Conclusions:

  • Further advancement of OMIECs requires integrated, multi-scale research strategies.
  • Overcoming design and implementation barriers is key to realizing OMIEC potential.
  • A deeper understanding of coupled ionic-electronic transport is critical for future innovations.