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Precompetitional Weight Reduction Modifies Prooxidative-Antioxidative Status in Judokas.

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Rapid weight loss in judokas impacts oxidative stress markers, with moderate reductions (2-5%) showing higher oxidative stress. The extent of weight reduction influences the body's antioxidant and prooxidant balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Athletes, particularly in weight-class sports like judo, often engage in rapid weight loss strategies.
  • The physiological impact of such weight reduction on oxidative stress parameters in athletes remains an area of interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the influence of varying degrees of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress markers in judo athletes.
  • To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of weight reduction and changes in antioxidant and prooxidant levels.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty judokas (aged 18-30) were monitored over three stages: pre-competition, post-weight gain, and post-competition.
  • Measurements included enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and total oxidative stress.
  • Weight reduction values ranged from 0.44% to 6.10%.

Main Results:

  • Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) was associated with elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese-dependent SOD (Mn-SOD), lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total oxidative stress (TOS).
  • Increased weight reduction correlated with higher activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH).
  • Antioxidative markers like SOD, Mn-SOD, and ceruloplasmin (CER) decreased after the competition period.

Conclusions:

  • The impact of weight reduction on the prooxidative-antioxidative system in judo athletes is contingent upon the specific value of weight reduction achieved.
  • Different magnitudes of weight loss elicit distinct responses in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms.