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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

The Structure of Skilled Forelimb Reaching in the Rat: A Movement Rating Scale
Published on: August 8, 2008
Measurement properties of the Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke
Flávia P P Vianna de Andrade1,2, Rosimeire S Padula1, Aline C Binda1,3
1Master and Doctoral Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Aim:
Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke (RPSS) evaluates the upper limb reach-to-grasp movement quality and compensatory movements. The objective of the study was to test the reliability, construct validity, and interpretability of the Brazilian-Portuguese RPSS.
Methods:
Fifty-one individuals (mean age 62 ± 10.8 years), with acute-to-chronic stroke (range: 1-300 months) were video recorded while performing a reach-to-grasp task of a cone placed both close and far from the individual. Their degree of motor impairment ranged from 4 to 59 points in the Fugl-Meyer scale.
Results:
Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke showed excellent intra- (ICC2,1 = 1.00) and interrater (ICC2,1 = 0.98-0.99) reliability, and redundant internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.98). The construct validity between RPSS and Fugl-Meyer scale was strong (Spearman rho = 0.88-0.89; p < 0.0001). The scale was able to discriminate individuals with mild or moderate upper limb impairment from those with severe impairment. We found ceiling and floor effects.
Conclusions:
Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke showed excellent reliability and redundant internal consistency. The construct validity with the Fugl-Meyer scale was strong. Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke was able to discriminate individuals with different levels of upper limb impairment.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPost-stroke individuals develop compensatory strategies to perform reaching movements with the paretic upper limb.The Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke provides a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the reach-to-grasp movement.The Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke is suitable for use with Brazilian-Portuguese speakers and has adequate reliability and validity.
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