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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
[Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction]
Johannes Petutschnigg1,2, Frank Edelmann3,4,5
1Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
Abstract:
Heart failure remains the number one diagnosis among patients receiving inpatient treatment in Germany. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) needs to be verified by signs and symptoms of HF, echocardiographic parameters as well as cardiac biomarkers. Based on etiological and pathophysiological considerations, a classification into systolic and diastolic heart failure and later heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HFpEF was proposed. The inhomogeneous group of patients with HFpEF accounts for half of all heart failure cases in the population. Effective treatment options are limited. This article discusses which verified treatments may help or may even be harmful. A glimpse is taken into the future and those substances that are in advanced stages of clinical trials are described.
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