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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
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Extraction: Effects of pH00:53

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Consider a neutral form of an amine, B, with a partition coefficient, K, in a liquid mixture containing organic and aqueous phases. The pH of the aqueous phase affects the charge on acidic and basic solutes, and the charged form is usually more soluble in the aqueous phase. Suppose the conjugate acid form of the amine is soluble only in the aqueous phase while the base form is soluble in both phases. Then the distribution coefficient, D, can be given as the ratio of amine concentration in the...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Sampling Theorem01:15

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In signal processing, the analysis of continuous-time signals, denoted as x(t), often involves sampling techniques to convert these signals into discrete-time signals. This process is essential for digital representation and manipulation. A critical component in sampling is the train of impulses, characterized by the sampling interval and the sampling frequency. The relationship between these parameters and the original signal's properties dictates the success of the sampling process.
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Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

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In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

On-Site Sampling and Extraction of Brain Tumors for Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analysis
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Co-extraction for Metabolomics and Proteomics from a Single CSF Sample.

Philipp Hörmann1, Katalin Barkovits2, Katrin Marcus3

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|August 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Discovering neurodegenerative disease biomarkers requires methods optimized for limited cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes. A novel extraction technique enables combined proteomics and metabolomics for more accurate early disease prediction.

Keywords:
DerivatizationGas chromatographyIn-solution digestLiquid chromatographyMetabolomicsMethanol precipitation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases require early prediction biomarkers as symptoms manifest late.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is ideal for biomarker discovery due to its direct brain contact.
  • Limited CSF volume is a challenge for comprehensive biomarker analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an extraction method for low CSF volumes.
  • To enable combined proteomics and metabolomics analyses from minimal CSF.
  • To improve early prediction of neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel extraction technique for cerebrospinal fluid.
  • Applied a combined proteomics and metabolomics approach.
  • Focused on minimizing sample volume requirements.

Main Results:

  • The method is suitable for low CSF volumes, crucial for biomarker studies.
  • Combined omics data can enhance classification accuracy for disease prediction.
  • Facilitates multi-omics analysis even with limited sample availability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized CSF extraction methods are essential for neurodegeneration biomarker research.
  • Combined proteomics and metabolomics from low CSF volumes offer a powerful approach.
  • This strategy can advance understanding and prediction of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.