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Congenital rubella in the USSR
Bulletin of the World Health Organization
|January 1, 1979
Summary
Congenital rubella poses a significant risk, with rubella virus causing intrauterine infections and birth defects in 73% of fetuses. Improved surveillance and prophylaxis for pregnant women are crucial in the USSR.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Teratology
Background:
- Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a major public health concern.
- Rubella virus infection during pregnancy can lead to severe fetal abnormalities.
- Understanding rubella epidemiology in the USSR is essential for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively study congenital rubella in Moscow and other USSR cities.
- To assess rubella incidence and seroprevalence in different age groups.
- To investigate the link between maternal rubella infection and congenital defects.
Main Methods:
- Serological screening for antihaemagglutinins in children and adults.
- Clinical and laboratory confirmation of rubella cases.
- Virological examination of fetuses and abortion materials.
- Serological investigation of mothers with children exhibiting congenital defects.
Main Results:
- Highest rubella incidence observed in children aged 1-7 years; adults also affected.
- High seroprevalence of antihaemagglutinins in adults (91-99%) and children (36-70%).
- Intrauterine viral infection confirmed in 73% of fetuses from infected mothers.
- 38% of infected fetuses displayed congenital defects; rubella virus confirmed as teratogenic.
Conclusions:
- Rubella virus strains in the USSR are teratogenic, causing significant congenital defects.
- There is a clear association between maternal rubella infection and CNS/cardiovascular defects.
- Enhanced rubella surveillance in pregnant women and prophylaxis strategies are urgently needed in the USSR.