Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vector Algebra: Method of Components01:08

Vector Algebra: Method of Components

18.9K
It is cumbersome to find the magnitudes of vectors using the parallelogram rule or using the graphical method to perform mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. There are two ways to circumvent this algebraic complexity. One way is to draw the vectors to scale, as in navigation, and read approximate vector lengths and angles (directions) from the graphs. The other way is to use the method of components.
In many applications, the magnitudes and directions of...
18.9K
Vector Components in the Cartesian Coordinate System01:29

Vector Components in the Cartesian Coordinate System

27.0K
Vectors are usually described in terms of their components in a coordinate system. Even in everyday life, we naturally invoke the concept of orthogonal projections in a rectangular coordinate system. For example, if someone gives you directions for a particular location, you will be told to go a few km in a direction like east, west, north, or south, along with the angle in which you are supposed to move. In a rectangular (Cartesian) xy-coordinate system in a plane, a point in a plane is...
27.0K
Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

27.4K
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
27.4K
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

28.3K
Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
28.3K
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

60.1K
The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
60.1K
Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

49.2K
Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
49.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chromosome-level genome assembly of oil-tea tree Camellia brevistyla.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

A multi-tissue single-cell atlas of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) reveals cellular heterogeneity and lineage trajectories.

Tree physiology·2026
Same author

Allelic Variants, Genetic Effects, and Transcriptional Regulation of CoFAD7 in Camellia oleifera.

Physiologia plantarum·2026
Same author

Accumulation of trifolin inhibits adventitious root formation in mature cuttings of Castanea henryi.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB·2025
Same author

Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis Enhances Mineralization of Phytate by Inducing Host-Derived Purple Acid Phosphatase Secretion in Castanea henryi.

Physiologia plantarum·2025
Same author

Bamboo Biochar and Sodium Silicate Alleviate Oxybenzone-Induced Phytotoxicity via Distinct Mechanisms for Sustainable Plant Protection.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

Correction: Establishment of a Cre-rat resource for creating conditional and physiological relevant models of human diseases.

Transgenic research·2026
Same journal

Effects of CRISPR technology on agricultural sustainability: global applications and turkish perspective.

Transgenic research·2026
Same journal

Mammalian growth factors enhance regeneration in transgenic tomato lines.

Transgenic research·2026
Same journal

Transgenic expression of human signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) in BALB/c Rag2<sup>null</sup>/Jak3<sup>null</sup> immunodeficient mice enhances human lymphoma xenografts by reducing phagocytosis.

Transgenic research·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of different mutagens in tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) cut flower.

Transgenic research·2026
Same journal

Suppressor activity against cosuppression conferred by the petunia vein clearing virus genome.

Transgenic research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector
12:08

Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector

Published on: March 28, 2018

13.2K

Development of a Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system for plants.

Ning Li1, Deyi Yuan1, Li-Jun Huang2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees (Central South University of Forestry and Technology), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410004, Hunan, China.

Transgenic Research
|August 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector for plant genetic transformation. This system enhances gene cloning and functional analysis, enabling precise control over reporter gene expression in plants.

Keywords:
Agro-infiltrationBinary vectorGAL4-VP16/UASTissue-specific expressionTransgenic plant

More Related Videos

Detecting Virus and Salivary Proteins of a Leafhopper Vector in the Plant Host
07:23

Detecting Virus and Salivary Proteins of a Leafhopper Vector in the Plant Host

Published on: September 14, 2021

2.7K
Modifying Baculovirus Expression Vectors to Produce Secreted Plant Proteins in Insect Cells
09:14

Modifying Baculovirus Expression Vectors to Produce Secreted Plant Proteins in Insect Cells

Published on: August 20, 2018

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector
12:08

Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector

Published on: March 28, 2018

13.2K
Detecting Virus and Salivary Proteins of a Leafhopper Vector in the Plant Host
07:23

Detecting Virus and Salivary Proteins of a Leafhopper Vector in the Plant Host

Published on: September 14, 2021

2.7K
Modifying Baculovirus Expression Vectors to Produce Secreted Plant Proteins in Insect Cells
09:14

Modifying Baculovirus Expression Vectors to Produce Secreted Plant Proteins in Insect Cells

Published on: August 20, 2018

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plant genetic transformation is crucial for gene function studies and trait improvement.
  • Novel vectors are needed to advance plant transformation technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system for Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation.
  • To facilitate gene cloning and enable precise control over gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-component system with activator and reporter vectors based on the GAL4/UAS trans-activation system.
  • Incorporated Gateway recombination cassettes for easy promoter and reporter gene exchange.
  • Assessed system efficiency using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and stable transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Main Results:

  • The vector system demonstrated high reporter gene expression.
  • Achieved precise tissue-specific and subcellular localization of reporter gene products.
  • Confirmed the functionality of the Gateway recombination system for gene replacement.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Gateway-compatible two-component expression vector system is a valuable tool for plant gene engineering.
  • This system facilitates efficient gene cloning and precise expression control.
  • It will advance research in plant functional genomics and trait development.