Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

103.1K
Overview
103.1K
Sympathetic Signaling01:31

Sympathetic Signaling

2.2K
Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
2.2K
Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

22.9K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
22.9K
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

8.7K
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
8.7K
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

2.5K
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
2.5K
Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

3.0K
A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Timing and risk factors for peristomal granulation in pediatric tracheostomy patients.

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology·2026
Same author

Influence of Core Surface Properties on the Formation of Liquid Photonic Crystals Based on Core-Shell Particles.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026
Same author

Stimuli-responsive noniridescent structural color of a thin-film coating based on multilayered nanosheets preserving the interlayer space.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Laparoscopic uterine-preserving management of ruptured pyometra using open drainage: a case report.

Journal of surgical case reports·2026
Same author

Hypercoiling and Single Umbilical Artery Associated With Fetal Placental Malperfusion and Growth Restriction: A Case Report.

Clinical case reports·2026
Same author

Safety and Efficacy of Pelvic Reinforcement Procedure for Preventing Postoperative Perineal Hernia After Robotic Abdominoperineal Resection: A Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Annals of gastroenterological surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.7K

Hypergravity-induced plastic alteration of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex involves decrease in responsiveness of

Chikara Abe1, Yusuke Yamaoka2, Yui Maejima2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. chikara@gifu-u.ac.jp.

The Journal of Physiological Sciences : JPS
|August 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Hypergravity exposure alters the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex by reducing the responsiveness of CAMK2-expressing neurons in the vestibular nucleus. This neural plasticity underlies the body's adaptation to increased gravitational load.

Keywords:
Arterial pressureGravityOptogeneticsPlasticityVestibuleViral vector

More Related Videos

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates
12:47

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

Published on: March 20, 2014

14.6K
Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
05:01

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

779

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.7K
Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates
12:47

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

Published on: March 20, 2014

14.6K
Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
05:01

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

779

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology
  • Gravitational Biology

Background:

  • The vestibular system is crucial for balance, posture, and sympathetic responses.
  • Hypergravity is known to induce plastic changes in the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2)-expressing neurons in the vestibular nucleus complex during hypergravity exposure.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of 2g-induced attenuation of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex.

Main Methods:

  • Optogenetic tools were employed to manipulate CAMK2-expressing neurons in the vestibular nucleus complex.
  • Photostimulation (excitatory and inhibitory) of these neurons was used to assess their function.
  • The vestibulo-sympathetic reflex and pressor response were measured before and after 2g loading.

Main Results:

  • Photostimulation of CAMK2-expressing neurons induced contralateral body tilt and sympathoexcitation with a pressor response.
  • This sympathoexcitatory response was significantly attenuated after 1 day (49.8%) and further reduced after 5 days (22.4%) of 2g loading.
  • The results indicate a decrease in the responsiveness of CAMK2-expressing neurons in the vestibular nucleus complex.

Conclusions:

  • The 2g-induced attenuation of the vestibulo-sympathetic reflex is, at least in part, mediated by decreased responsiveness of CAMK2-expressing neurons in the vestibular nucleus complex.
  • These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms of adaptation to hypergravity environments.