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Acid-Base Balance01:25

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The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
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Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2​​ and pH.
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Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
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Sensitive Hyaluronidase Biosensor Based on Target-Responsive Hydrogel Using Electronic Balance as Readout.

Zhixin Li1, Caixi Tang2, Da Huang3

  • 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China.

Analytical Chemistry
|August 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new hydrogel system detects hyaluronidase (HAase), a potential cancer marker, by measuring released nanoparticles. This simple method offers sensitive HAase determination without complex equipment, applicable to urine samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Hyaluronidase (HAase) is a significant biomarker for various cancers.
  • Accurate and accessible detection methods for HAase are crucial for early diagnosis.
  • Existing methods often require complex instrumentation and skilled personnel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, sensitive, and instrument-free method for hyaluronidase (HAase) detection.
  • To create a controlled release system for HAase determination.
  • To utilize Pt@SiO2 nanoparticles for enhanced detection sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Pt@SiO2 nanoparticles were embedded within a polyethylenimine (PEI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel.
  • HAase activity was measured by the degradation of the HA hydrogel, releasing Pt@SiO2 NPs.
  • Released NPs catalyzed H2O2 decomposition, generating O2 and causing water overflow, quantified by weight.

Main Results:

  • The developed system demonstrated a linear relationship between water weight and HAase concentration.
  • Detection ranges were 1-60 U/mL (120 min) and 0.2-10 U/mL (240 min).
  • The method was successfully applied to detect HAase activity in human urine samples.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, sensitive, and user-friendly system for HAase detection was successfully developed.
  • The system avoids the need for complex analytical instruments and specialized technicians.
  • This approach shows promise for point-of-care diagnostics and cancer biomarker monitoring.