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Polymers

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...

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Covalent Bonds

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When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally,...

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy

Covalent Attachment of Single Molecules for AFM-based Force Spectroscopy

Published on: March 16, 2020

Covalently Trapped Triarylamine-Based Supramolecular Polymers.

Ting Liang¹, Dominique Collin², Melodie Galerne¹

¹SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UPR 22, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|August 23, 2019

Summary

C3-symmetric triarylamine trisamides (TATAs) form supramolecular polymers and physical gels. Covalent crosslinking via ring-opening metathesis polymerization creates robust chemical gels, enhancing mechanical properties while retaining core structure.

Keywords:

ROMP gels rheology supramolecular polymers triarylamines

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

C3-symmetric triarylamine trisamides (TATAs) are functional molecules with potential for self-assembly.
Supramolecular polymerization and gelation are driven by non-covalent interactions like π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transformation of supramolecular polymers and physical gels into permanently crosslinked chemical gels.
To analyze the structural integrity and mechanical property changes during covalent crosslinking.
To compare supramolecular structures across different states (solution, physical gel, chemical gel).

Main Methods:

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) for covalent crosslinking.
Optical and electronic spectroscopies for structural analysis.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for morphology.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for spin probe studies.
X-ray scattering (XRD) for structural characterization.
Electronic transport measurements.
Rheology for mechanical property evaluation.

Main Results:

Supramolecular polymerization and gelation of TATAs were achieved through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding.
ROMP successfully crosslinked physical gels into stable chemical gels.
The core structure of the TATA supramolecular polymers was preserved during covalent capture.
Mechanical properties, specifically storage modulus, improved by two orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

Covalent capture via ROMP is an effective method to stabilize supramolecular gels.
This approach allows for the retention of the functional supramolecular polymer core structure.
The resulting chemical gels exhibit significantly enhanced mechanical robustness compared to their physical gel precursors.