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Pupil size changes reveal how visual working memory (VWM) uses attention. Smaller pupils indicate attention shifts during memory encoding and recall, suggesting sensory areas are involved but memory representations can become hidden.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pupillary light response (PLR) is influenced by cognitive functions.
  • Visual sensory brain areas are thought to mediate this modulation.
  • The role of sensory areas in visual working memory (VWM) remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of sensory areas in VWM using the PLR.
  • To determine if attention shifts during memory encoding and recall impact pupil size.
  • To explore the dynamics of memory representations within VWM.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving participants memorizing bright or dark stimuli.
  • Pupil size was measured in response to prestimulus and poststimulus cues.
  • Participants' attention shifts during VWM tasks were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Smaller pupil size was observed when participants prepared to memorize bright stimuli (prestimulus cue).
  • Similar pupil constriction occurred with poststimulus cues, indicating attention shifts within VWM.
  • The effect of VWM content on pupil size was strongest initially and then diminished.

Conclusions:

  • Attention shifts during VWM encoding and recall modulate pupil size.
  • Sensory areas are involved in VWM, but memory representations can become independent of them.
  • Internal attention shifts within VWM can activate and then hide memory representations.