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Diet Quality Is Associated with Physical Performance and Special Forces Selection.

Emily K Farina1, Lauren A Thompson1, Joseph J Knapik

  • 1Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.

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Summary

Good diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, is linked to better physical performance and increased success in U.S. Army Special Forces selection. Adhering to most federal dietary guidelines improves performance and selection likelihood.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Military Performance

Background:

  • Diet quality is crucial for physical and cognitive performance.
  • Assessing dietary patterns in elite military populations can inform performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015), physical performance, and selection success in U.S. Army Special Forces candidates.
  • To identify specific dietary components related to performance and selection outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores from food frequency questionnaires in 782 soldiers.
  • Analyzed associations between HEI-2015 scores, demographics, physical performance (APFT, road march), and selection using logistic regression.
  • Adjusted for confounders including age, BMI, education, training type, and smoking status.

Main Results:

  • Higher HEI-2015 scores correlated with better physical performance metrics (APFT, loaded march times).
  • Soldiers with higher HEI-2015 scores demonstrated significantly increased odds of successful selection (ORs 1.75 and 1.65).
  • Specific dietary components like higher intake of vegetables, plant protein, and refined grains, alongside lower sodium, were linked to better performance.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns aligning with federal guidelines, excluding sodium, are associated with enhanced physical performance.
  • Improved diet quality is a significant factor in successful selection for demanding military roles like U.S. Army Special Forces.