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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Heat Shock Proteins in Malaria and Tuberculosis Infections
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Heat shock proteins in infection.

Azam Bolhassani1, Elnaz Agi2

  • 1Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|August 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) protect cells from stress and regulate immune responses. This review overviews HSP roles in infectious diseases and viral infections, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
ApoptosisChaperoneHeat shock proteinImmunityInfectious disease

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are vital molecular chaperones involved in cellular stress response and homeostasis.
  • HSPs are expressed under physiological conditions and significantly upregulated by physical, chemical, microbial, and dietary stimuli.
  • These proteins play critical roles in cellular signaling, immune system functions, and host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted roles of HSPs in various infectious diseases.
  • To explore the intricate interactions between viruses and HSPs, focusing on viral replication and host immunity.
  • To highlight the potential of HSPs in therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on heat shock proteins and their involvement in infectious diseases.
  • It examines the molecular mechanisms by which HSPs influence cellular signaling pathways and immune responses.
  • The review analyzes the interplay between viruses and host HSPs at different regulatory levels.

Main Results:

  • HSPs are crucial for cellular protection against diverse stressors and modulate both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Exogenously administered HSPs have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, showing promise in cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disease treatment.
  • Viral infections involve complex interactions with host HSPs, affecting viral entry, replication, assembly, and host immune evasion.

Conclusions:

  • Heat shock proteins are key regulators of cellular homeostasis and immune responses, with significant implications in infectious diseases.
  • Understanding the virus-HSP interplay offers novel avenues for developing targeted antiviral therapies and immunotherapies.
  • HSPs represent promising therapeutic targets for managing infectious diseases and related pathologies.