A biocompatible chitosan-ionic liquid hybrid catalyst for regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3-triazols

A new type of quadruple hybrid system was prepared containing chitosan (CS), folic acid (FA), Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) [SMA] and ionic liquid (IL). This nanocatalyst was synthesized by the functionalization of SMA with folic acid and then polymerization with chitosan in the presence of DCC and NHS. CuI was immobilized onto this support to provide Cu@SMA-FA-CS-IL. The catalyst was fully characterized by using different characterization techniques such as FTIR, ¹H NMR, ICP, SEM, EDX, TGA, and XRD. This Cu (I) heterogeneous species was successfully applied in the reaction of sodium azide, terminal alkynes, and alkyl halides or α-haloketones in water to afford 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles within relatively short reaction times. Moreover, the catalyst is recyclable for five reaction cycles with minor CuI leaching and slight drop of the catalytic activity.