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Related Concept Videos

Endoplasmic Reticulum01:39

Endoplasmic Reticulum

106.6K
The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells is a substantial network of interconnected membranes with diverse functions, from calcium storage to biomolecule synthesis. A primary component of the endomembrane system, the ER manufactures phospholipids critical for membrane function throughout the cell. Additionally, the two distinct regions of the ER specialize in the manufacture of specific lipids and proteins.
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
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Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells
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Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells

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VAP-SCRN1 interaction regulates dynamic endoplasmic reticulum remodeling and presynaptic function.

Feline W Lindhout1, Yujie Cao1, Josta T Kevenaar1

  • 1Department of Biology, Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

The EMBO Journal
|August 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein VAP-SCRN1 interaction is crucial for maintaining ER structure and presynaptic function. This interaction modulates calcium dynamics and synaptic vesicle cycling in neurons.

Keywords:
VAPaxonendoplasmic reticulumsecerninsynaptic vesicle cycle

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells
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Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic network vital for neuronal function, particularly in axons.
  • ER dysfunction is linked to axonopathies, but its role in presynaptic function is unclear.
  • ER integrity and remodeling are critical for maintaining neuronal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ER membrane receptors VAPA and VAPB in modulating synaptic vesicle (SV) cycling.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which ER structure influences presynaptic function.
  • To understand how ER continuity and dynamics affect calcium homeostasis and SV cycling.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated VAPA and VAPB interactions with secernin-1 (SCRN1) at the ER membrane.
  • Utilized loss-of-function studies (depletion) for VAP and SCRN1.
  • Assessed synaptic vesicle cycling and action potential-evoked calcium responses.

Main Results:

  • VAPA/VAPB interact with SCRN1 via an FFAT-like motif.
  • Loss of SCRN1 or VAP, or their interaction, impaired SV cycling.
  • Depletion of SCRN1 or VAP reduced evoked Ca2+ responses.
  • VAP-SCRN1 interactions maintain ER continuity, dynamics, and presynaptic Ca2+ homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • VAP-SCRN1 interactions offer a novel mechanism for regulating ER remodeling.
  • This interaction tunes Ca2+ dynamics and SV cycling at presynaptic sites.
  • ER structure and dynamics are directly relevant to SV cycling and neuronal function.