Synthetic cannabinoids and their impact on neurodevelopmental processes.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pharmacology
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Cannabinoids, including endogenous cannabinoids (ECs) and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), modulate neurotransmitter release via cannabinoid receptors (CB1R, CB2R).
• SCs are more potent than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and their recreational use is a growing public health concern, leading to severe intoxications and deaths.
• Pregnant women and women of child-bearing potential (WoCBP) are particularly vulnerable, with potential risks of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanistic regulation of neuronal processes by the endocannabinoid system during neurodevelopment.
• To explore the potential of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) to interfere with these mechanisms and disrupt neurodevelopment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on the endocannabinoid system's role in neuronal development.
• Analysis of existing data on synthetic cannabinoid (SC) pharmacology and toxicology.
• Synthesis of information regarding the impact of SCs on neurodevelopmental processes.

Main Results:

• The endocannabinoid system plays a critical role in regulating neuronal development.
• Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) possess significantly higher potency than THC.
• Emerging evidence suggests SCs may disrupt crucial neurodevelopmental mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the endocannabinoid system's role in neurodevelopment is crucial for assessing risks associated with cannabinoid use.
• Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) present a significant risk for disrupting normal neurodevelopment, particularly in vulnerable populations like pregnant women.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which SCs impact neurodevelopment and to inform public health strategies.