Predictors of Malnutrition in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Gastroenterology
• Pulmonology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs, notably the lungs and digestive system.
• Malnutrition is a significant concern in pediatric CF patients, impacting growth and overall health outcomes.
• Identifying predictors of malnutrition is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of malnutrition in children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.
• To identify factors predicting malnutrition at the time of enrollment and after two years of follow-up in pediatric CF patients.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective chart review was conducted on 61 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.
• Data collected included weight-for-age Z-scores at enrollment and at 1- and 2-year follow-ups.
• Clinical details, medications, and pulmonary exacerbations were recorded to identify potential risk factors.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of malnutrition (weight-for-age Z-score < -2) was high, recorded at 65.5% at baseline, 54.1% after one year, and 57.3% after two years.
• Weight-for-age Z-score at enrollment correlated with the time to diagnosis.
• Malnutrition at two-year follow-up was significantly associated with steatorrhea, increased stool frequency, and pulmonary exacerbations during the second year.

Conclusions:

• Malnutrition is highly prevalent in children with cystic fibrosis in this region of India.
• Uncontrolled fat malabsorption (steatorrhea) and recurrent pulmonary infections are significant risk factors contributing to malnutrition in pediatric CF patients.
• These findings underscore the need for aggressive management of gastrointestinal and respiratory complications to improve nutritional status in children with CF.