Urethral diverticular with broadly squamous metaplasia in a patient with urethral diverticular calculi: A case report

There are already several reports concerning the occurrence of urethral diverticulum (UD) in female patients, but only rarely has a article describing UD combined with UD calculi or squamous carcinoma been published. Moreover, a case with squamous carcinoma and UD calculi at the same time has never been reported, making this the first case report about this condition.

A 43-year-old woman presented to the gynaecology department with a complaint of a hard mass beneath the anterior vaginal wall.

Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) revealed a UD.

We performed a standard urethral diverticular excision. Intraoperatively, we identified and removed a stone from the diverticulum. The intraoperative finding of a stone challenged the diagnosis of UD, with subsequent histological examination of biopsy tissue from the mass demonstrating broadly squamous metaplasia.

The broadly squamous metaplasia predominantly originated from the stone, and the stone was entirely removed. No complications occurred during the whole follow-up period. Moreover, after the 12-month follow-up, there was no diverticular recurrence or carcinoma metastasis.

UD calculi may be considered a risk factor for female urethra squamous metaplasia, which with the potential of squamous carcinoma, so patients will be advised to treat this condition immediately.