Biomimetic polymeric superamphiphobic surfaces: their fabrication and applications

Numerous research studies have contributed to the development of mature superamphiphobic systems. In this review, we summarize the characterization of surface wettability, the fabrication techniques and the multifunctional applications of polymeric superamphiphobic surfaces inspired from nature. Regarding construction techniques, three types of technology routes, namely pre-roughening and post-modifying, pre-modifying and pre-roughening, and in situ one-step construction, will be successively discussed. The polymeric surfaces produced by these methods not only possess superamphiphobicity but also have many applications, such as self-cleaning, self-healing, anti-icing, and transparency. However, few of these surfaces have been scaled up and utilized for applications due to specific difficulties that must be resolved, which will provide potential directions for future research. Finally, the challenges and further outlook of super-antiwetting surfaces are discussed in this review.