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Catechol-Functionalized Chitosan: Optimized Preparation Method and Its Interaction with Mucin.

Ameya R Narkar1,2, Elmira Cannon1,2, Hatice Yildirim-Alicea1,2

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Catechol-functionalized chitosan (CatChit) synthesis requires strict pH control (<5) to prevent oxidation. This study optimizes CatChit preparation and evaluates its interaction with mucin, crucial for biomaterial applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Chitosan is a widely used biopolymer for biomedical applications due to its hemostatic and adhesive properties.
  • Catechol-functionalized chitosan (CatChit) enhances these properties, but existing preparation methods are prone to catechol oxidation, compromising material integrity.
  • Previous studies often used partially oxidized CatChit, leading to irreproducible results and flawed in vivo research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-establish critical parameters for accurate CatChit synthesis.
  • To optimize a protocol for synthesizing oxidation-resistant CatChit.
  • To re-evaluate the interaction between optimized CatChit and mucin under varying pH conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Optimization of existing CatChit synthesis protocols.
  • Characterization of CatChit using techniques to assess oxidation levels.
  • Turbidimetric titrations to study CatChit-mucin interactions.
  • Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for particle size analysis.
  • Zeta potential (ZP) measurements to determine surface charge characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Inaccurate synthetic protocols inevitably lead to significant catechol oxidation.
  • Maintaining a pH below 5 throughout the preparation is essential for preventing oxidation.
  • CatChit-mucin association increases with higher polymer-to-mucin ratios, irrespective of pH.
  • DLS revealed smaller aggregated particle sizes at higher polymer concentrations due to increased aggregation.
  • ZP measurements indicated pH-dependent interactions: electrostatic dominance at acidic pH and combined electrostatic/covalent interactions at physiological pH.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized synthesis protocols are crucial for obtaining pure CatChit and ensuring reliable biomaterial performance.
  • Understanding CatChit-mucin interactions at different pH values is vital for its application in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • The study provides a foundation for reproducible CatChit synthesis and application in biomedical fields.