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The association between Extraversion and well-being is limited to one facet
Seth Margolis1, Ashley L Stapley1, Sonja Lyubomirsky1
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California.
Journal of Personality
|August 24, 2019
Summary
The energy level facet of Extraversion, not the trait itself, drives well-being. Sociability and assertiveness aspects of Extraversion are linked to well-being only through energy levels.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Personality Psychology
- Well-being Research
Background:
- The broad trait of Extraversion is often linked to higher well-being.
- Mõttus suggests that specific facets or items, rather than broad traits, may be the true drivers of observed effects.
- Understanding the nuanced relationship between personality facets and psychological outcomes is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the specific relationship between facets and items of Extraversion and well-being.
- To test whether the link between Extraversion and well-being is attributable to specific facets or the trait generally.
- To apply Mõttus's reasoning regarding trait attributions to the Extraversion-well-being link.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of five cross-sectional datasets comprising 1,879 participants.
- Examination of facet- and item-level correlations.
- Application of structural equation modeling (SEM) to disentangle relationships.
Main Results:
- The correlation between the energy level facet of Extraversion and well-being was the sole significant predictor of the overall Extraversion-well-being association.
- Sociability and assertiveness facets did not show unique relationships with well-being when energy level was controlled.
- Observed links between sociability, assertiveness, and well-being were largely explained by their shared variance with the energy level facet.
Conclusions:
- The association between Extraversion and well-being should be attributed specifically to the energy level facet.
- Generalizing the link between Extraversion and well-being to the trait level may be inaccurate.
- Future research should focus on specific personality facets rather than broad traits for a more precise understanding of psychological outcomes.
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