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Mild-to-Moderate Gestational Iodine Deficiency Processing Disorder.

Ian Hay1, Kristen L Hynes2, John R Burgess3,4

  • 1Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia. Ian.Hay@Utas.edu.au.

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|August 25, 2019
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Summary

Mild-to-moderate gestational iodine deficiency (GID) is linked to lasting cognitive and social challenges in children. This paper proposes Gestational Iodine Deficiency Processing Disorder (GIDPD) as a new classification for these learning and attention difficulties.

Keywords:
ADHDdyslexiagestational iodine deficiency processing disorderlearning difficultiesreading and language disordersspeed of neuro transmitting ASDworking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mild-to-moderate gestational iodine deficiency (GID) has subtle yet significant impacts on offspring neurodevelopment.
  • Previous research often identifies these effects as 'suboptimal development'.
  • Longitudinal studies from the UK, Australia, and Denmark have investigated GID's influence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a common pattern of learning and social difficulties associated with mild-to-moderate GID.
  • To propose a new conceptualization and classification for these developmental challenges.
  • To review and synthesize findings from key longitudinal studies.

Main Methods:

  • Synopsis of existing longitudinal studies: Southampton Women's Study (SWS), Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Gestational Iodine Cohort Longitudinal Study, and Danish National Birth Cohort.
  • Analysis of cognitive and psycho-social outcomes in offspring exposed to GID.
  • Linking results across studies to identify common patterns.

Main Results:

  • Mild-to-moderate GID is associated with difficulties in neural transmission speed, affecting working memory, attention, and response inhibition.
  • Manifestations include Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and language/literacy disorders.
  • Individuals with GIDPD typically score within the normal range on full-scale IQ tests, but show deficits in verbal reasoning subtests.

Conclusions:

  • Gestational Iodine Deficiency Processing Disorder (GIDPD) is proposed as a distinct diagnostic entity.
  • Public health initiatives should emphasize adequate maternal iodine intake before and during pregnancy.
  • Further research is needed to validate GIDPD as a nosological entity.