A Novel Differential High-Frequency Current Transformer Sensor for Series Arc Fault Detection

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Power Systems Safety
• Fault Detection Technologies

Background:

• Electrical fires and equipment malfunction pose significant risks in low-voltage AC systems.
• Arc faults generate characteristic high-frequency noise across diverse load types.
• Accurate and reliable arc fault detection is crucial for preventing electrical fires and ensuring operational safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and validate a novel differential high-frequency current transformer (D-HFCT) sensor for series arc fault detection.
• To assess the sensor's sensitivity and frequency response for high-frequency current acquisition.
• To evaluate the sensor's performance in distinguishing between normal and arc fault states under various load conditions.

Main Methods:

• Design and verification of a D-HFCT sensor with specified sensitivity and frequency band.
• Construction of a series arc fault simulation experiment system.
• Conducting experiments with resistive, inductive, non-linear, and high-power shielding loads.

Main Results:

• The D-HFCT sensor exhibited near-zero output in non-arc states.
• A distinct high-frequency glitch signal was observed from the sensor during arc fault states.
• Consistent and clear discrimination between normal and fault states was achieved across all tested load types.

Conclusions:

• The developed D-HFCT sensor is effective for detecting series arc faults in low-voltage AC systems.
• The sensor's ability to differentiate between normal and arcing conditions across various loads validates its practical applicability.
• This technology contributes to enhanced safety measures for electrical equipment and fire prevention.