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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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The behavior of elastoplastic materials under bending stresses, particularly in structural members with rectangular cross-sections, is crucial for predicting material responses and understanding failure modes. Initially, when a bending moment is applied, the stress distribution across the section follows Hooke's Law and is linear and elastic. This distribution means the stress increases from the neutral axis to the maximum at the outer fibers, up to the elastic limit.
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Sputtered LiCoO2 Cathode Materials for All-solid-state Thin-film Lithium Microbatteries.

Christian M Julien1, Alain Mauger2, Obili M Hussain3

  • 1Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), CNRS UMR 7590, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. christian.julien@upmc.fr.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) thin films for all-solid-state lithium microbatteries. It details how sputtering conditions influence film properties and electrochemical performance for advanced energy storage.

Keywords:
cathode materiallithium cobaltatelithium microbatterysputtering techniquethin films

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Thin Film Technology

Background:

  • Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) is a key cathode material for rechargeable batteries.
  • All-solid-state lithium microbatteries offer enhanced safety and energy density.
  • Radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering is a versatile technique for thin film deposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on RF-magnetron sputtered LiCoO2 thin films for microbattery cathodes.
  • To analyze the impact of sputtering parameters on LiCoO2 film characteristics.
  • To correlate film properties with electrochemical performance in microbatteries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature survey of RF-magnetron sputtering processes for LiCoO2 deposition.
  • Analysis of process parameters: Ar/O2 gas mixture, flow rate, pressure, substrate type, temperature, deposition rate, and annealing.
  • Examination of electrochemical performance metrics.

Main Results:

  • Sputtering conditions significantly affect the texture and orientation of LiCoO2 thin films.
  • Optimized sputtering parameters are crucial for achieving high electrochemical performance.
  • The review covers the current state-of-the-art in RF-sputtered lithium microbatteries.

Conclusions:

  • RF-magnetron sputtering is a viable method for fabricating LiCoO2 thin films for microbatteries.
  • Careful control of deposition parameters is essential for tailoring film properties and performance.
  • Further research can optimize LiCoO2-based microbatteries for various applications.