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Area of Science:

  • Volcanology
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Fragmentation of high viscosity magma is well-understood.
  • Fragmentation of low viscosity magma, common on Earth and other celestial bodies, remains a challenge.
  • Understanding low viscosity magma fragmentation is crucial for volcanological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative model for fluid dynamic induced fragmentation of low viscosity melts.
  • To define conditions for extensional thinning and liquid break-up.
  • To establish a universal break-up criterion for low viscosity melts.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental modeling of low viscosity melt fragmentation.
  • Analysis of viscous and capillary instabilities.
  • Development of a universal break-up criterion.

Main Results:

  • A quantitative model for non-brittle fragmentation of low viscosity melts was developed.
  • Break-up occurs via viscous and capillary instabilities on different timescales.
  • A universal break-up criterion for melts like basalt, kimberlite, and carbonatite was established.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a new understanding of low viscosity magma fragmentation.
  • The findings link fragmentation instabilities to eruptive behavior, hazards, and deposit formation.
  • This research advances the study of volcanism on Earth and other planetary bodies.