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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line
06:24

Oncogene Expression Analysis with Alterations in pH in a Pancreatic Ductal Cell Line

Published on: April 11, 2025

877

SOX4: The unappreciated oncogene.

Carlos S Moreno1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg, Rm 105J, 615 Michael St. Atlanta, GA, USA.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|August 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

SOX4 is a key developmental factor that drives cancer progression by promoting cell survival and metastasis. Targeting SOX4 is crucial for future cancer research and developing new therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • SOX4 is a crucial transcription factor regulating stemness and developmental pathways.
  • SOX4 gene amplification and overexpression are observed in over 20 malignancies, implicating it as an oncogene.
  • SOX4 hyperactivity promotes cell survival, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of SOX4 as an oncogene in various malignancies.
  • To understand the regulatory mechanisms of SOX4 overexpression.
  • To explore the common downstream effects of SOX4 hyperactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of SOX4 gene amplification and expression levels in cancer.
  • Investigating the regulation of SOX4 by PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ signaling pathways.
Keywords:
CancerEMTMetastasisPI3KSOX4TGFWnt

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  • Studying the interaction of SOX4 with other transcription factors.
  • Assessing the impact of SOX4 hyperactivity on cellular processes like stemness and migration.

    • Main Results:

    • SOX4 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in numerous cancer types.
    • SOX4 overexpression is linked to activation of PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ pathways.
    • SOX4 hyperactivity consistently promotes cell survival, stemness, EMT, migration, and metastasis.
    • SOX4's effects are context-specific due to interactions with other transcription factors.

    Conclusions:

    • SOX4 acts as a potent oncogene, driving key processes essential for cancer progression.
    • Understanding SOX4 regulation and function is vital for cancer therapy.
    • Targeting SOX4 presents a significant challenge and opportunity for future cancer drug development.