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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Vaccinations01:51

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Capturing the antigen landscape: HLA-E, CD1 and MR1.

Graham Ogg1, Vincenzo Cerundolo2, Andrew J McMichael3

  • 1MRC Human Immunology Unit, and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|August 25, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-polymorphic MHC-like molecules present diverse antigens to T cell receptors (TCRs), playing key roles in immunity and disease. Understanding these pathways offers therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of antigens presented by MHC-like molecules is crucial in health and disease.
  • These pathways, including HLA-E, CD1, and MR1, have been historically mislabeled as 'non-conventional'.
  • They represent evolutionarily ancient antigen presentation routes complementary to classical MHC pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the significance of non-polymorphic MHC-like molecules in immune responses.
  • To highlight the diverse antigens presented by HLA-E, CD1, and MR1.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MHC-like antigen presentation.
  • Analysis of evolutionary conservation and selective pressures on these molecules.
  • Functional characterization of antigen presentation by HLA-E, CD1, and MR1.

Main Results:

  • HLA-E, CD1, and MR1 present a wide array of self and foreign antigens to TCRs.
  • These molecules are integral to tissue homeostasis, pathogen defense, inflammation, and anti-cancer immunity.
  • Despite presenting different antigens, these pathways share common features and evolutionary pressures.

Conclusions:

  • Non-polymorphic MHC-like molecules are central players in adaptive immunity, not 'non-conventional' pathways.
  • Their roles in homeostasis, defense, and disease necessitate further investigation.
  • Targeting these pathways holds promise for novel therapeutic strategies in various diseases.