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Identification of potential pheromone source in sows.

Velliyangiri Silambarasan1, Govindarajan Deepalakshmi1, Devaraj Sankarganesh2

  • 1Pheromone Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Sow urine during estrus is a significant source of pheromones. Boars exhibit heightened sniffing and salivation in response to estrus sow urine, indicating its importance in reproductive communication.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Chemical Ecology

Background:

  • Pheromones are crucial for mammalian communication, particularly in reproduction and social behavior.
  • While boar saliva is known to contain pheromones, identifying other sources in sows is vital for understanding pig reproductive behaviors.
  • Previous research has established the role of pheromones in boar-pig communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary sources of pheromones in sows.
  • To investigate the relative abundance and behavioral responses to pheromones in different sow bodily fluids.
  • To determine if sow urine contains pheromones detectable by boars.

Main Methods:

  • Collected urine, feces, saliva, and cervical mucus/vaginal wash samples from sows at different reproductive stages (pre-estrus, estrus, post-estrus) and from gilts.
  • Exposed boars to these samples and recorded their sniffing and hypersalivation behaviors.
  • Statistically analyzed behavioral responses to determine significant differences between sample types and reproductive states.

Main Results:

  • Boars displayed significantly increased sniffing and hypersalivation in response to urine from sows in estrus compared to non-estrus sows and gilts.
  • Behavioral responses, including sniffing and salivation, differed significantly between estrus samples and samples from non-estrus sows and gilts.
  • These findings indicate a high abundance of pheromones in the urine of estrus sows.

Conclusions:

  • Urine from sows in estrus is a rich source of pheromones.
  • This urine can serve as a valuable resource for the identification, purification, and characterization of novel pheromone molecules.
  • The study confirms the role of urine-borne pheromones in mediating boar sexual behavior.