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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery
Published on: April 17, 2021
Renal replacement therapy in the management of intoxications in children: recommendations from the Pediatric
Rupesh Raina1,2, Manpreet K Grewal3, Martha Blackford4
1Department of Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA. RRaina@akronchildrens.org.
Background:
Intentional or unintentional ingestions among children and adolescents are common. There are a number of ingestions amenable to renal replacement therapy (RRT).
Methods:
We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for literature regarding drugs/intoxicants and treatment with RRT in pediatric populations. Two experts from the PCRRT (Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy) workgroup assessed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for extraction of data. The data from the literature search was shared with the PCRRT workgroup and two expert toxicologists, and expert panel recommendations were developed.
Results And Conclusions:
We have presented the recommendations concerning the use of RRTs for treatment of intoxications with toxic alcohols, lithium, vancomycin, theophylline, barbiturates, metformin, carbamazepine, methotrexate, phenytoin, acetaminophen, salicylates, valproic acid, and aminoglycosides.
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