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The Association between Risk Factors and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

Lida Soltani1, Sakine Sabzevari1, Ali Ravari2

  • 1Nursing PhD Student. Nursing Research Center, Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
|August 27, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Recognizing early warning signs like chest pain and fatigue is key for preventing myocardial infarction (MI). This study found that sex is significantly associated with these prodromal symptoms in at-risk individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Symptom Research

Background:

  • Prodromal symptoms preceding myocardial infarction (MI) are challenging to identify in at-risk individuals.
  • Research has established the existence of prodromal symptoms, but their association with risk factors requires further investigation.
  • This study aimed to determine the relationship between specific risk factors and baseline prodromal symptoms of MI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various risk factors and prodromal symptoms of myocardial infarction.
  • To identify the most frequent prodromal symptoms experienced by patients before MI.
  • To explore the influence of demographic factors, particularly sex, on the prevalence and severity of these symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted with 154 Iranian men and women (mean age 59.62 ± 12.74 years) between 2016-2017.
  • The McSweeney Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey was utilized to assess the frequency and severity of 33 prodromal symptoms and associated risk factors.
  • Data analysis focused on identifying correlations between risk factors and the prodromal symptom scores.

Main Results:

  • The most common prodromal symptoms reported were chest pain/discomfort (64.30%), unusual fatigue (50.60%), and sleep disturbances (20.40%).
  • Women reported a higher number of prodromal symptoms compared to men (mean score 33.26 ± 21.88 vs. 25.48 ± 17.75).
  • Statistical analysis revealed that only sex was significantly associated with the prodromal symptom score (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Chest pain/discomfort, unusual fatigue, and sleep disturbances are frequently observed prodromal symptoms preceding myocardial infarction.
  • A significant association was found between sex and the experience of prodromal symptoms, highlighting potential gender-specific differences.
  • Early identification of these prodromal symptoms in individuals with risk factors is crucial for the prevention of myocardial infarction.
Abstract

Keywords:
Coronary Heart DiseasesMyocardial InfarctionProdromal SymptomsRisk FactorsSex

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