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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
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A Hearing Screening Protocol for Stroke Patients: An Exploratory Study.

Nehzat Koohi1,2, Deborah A Vickers3, Nattawan Utoomprurkporn1,4

  • 1Department of Neuro-audiology, The Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Neurology
|August 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel two-tiered hearing screening effectively identifies auditory impairment in stroke survivors. Combining a handheld screener with the AIAD questionnaire offers high accuracy for detecting hearing loss and central auditory processing disorder (CAPD).

Keywords:
central auditory processing disorderhearing losshearing questionnaireshearing screeningstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Audiology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Auditory impairment is a common post-stroke complication, potentially caused by peripheral hearing loss or central auditory processing disorder (CAPD).
  • Untreated auditory impairment can hinder communication and rehabilitation efforts in stroke survivors.
  • Comprehensive audiological assessments for all stroke patients are impractical due to cost and time constraints, necessitating efficient screening methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a two-tiered hearing screening approach for stroke survivors.
  • To assess the efficacy of a handheld hearing screener and two validated questionnaires (AIAD and HHIE) in identifying peripheral hearing loss and CAPD.
  • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of this combined screening method.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 42 stroke patients tested 3-12 months post-stroke.
  • Utilized a handheld hearing screener for peripheral hearing loss detection.
  • Employed the Amsterdam Inventory Auditory for Disability (AIAD) and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly (HHIE) questionnaires to assess peripheral hearing loss and/or CAPD.

Main Results:

  • The handheld hearing screener demonstrated 92.59% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting hearing loss.
  • The combination of the handheld hearing screener and the AIAD questionnaire yielded the highest accuracy in identifying central auditory processing impairments.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents a systematic approach to address auditory needs in stroke survivors.
  • The validated screening tools can aid in identifying hearing loss and CAPD, supporting communication and recovery.
  • Further research can build upon these findings to optimize auditory care for stroke patients.