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Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

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The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
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The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
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Stress Concentrations01:13

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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
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Stress Concentrations01:24

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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
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Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
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Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
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D-Dimer Concentrations and Thromboelastography in Five Dogs With Ischemic Stroke.

Bodil Cathrine Koch1, Luca Motta2, Bo Wiinberg3

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, University Hospital for Companion Animals, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|August 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Normal D-dimer levels do not rule out ischemic stroke in dogs. Thromboelastography (TEG) suggests a potential hypercoagulable state in canine stroke cases, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
D-dimerTEGcerebrovascular accidenthemostatic parametershypercoagulabilityinfarctionischemic strokethromboelastography

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Canine Hemostasis

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke is increasingly diagnosed in dogs, yet research remains limited.
  • Hemostatic parameters are rarely reported in canine ischemic stroke cases.
  • Elevated D-dimer in humans suggests its potential role in diagnosing canine stroke.

Observation:

  • This case series details five dogs diagnosed with ischemic stroke.
  • All dogs presented with normal D-dimer concentrations.
  • Thromboelastography (TEG) indicated a hypercoagulable state in two dogs and suggested it in three others.

Findings:

  • A normal D-dimer level appears unreliable for excluding ischemic stroke in dogs.
  • TEG identified potential hypercoagulability in canine stroke patients.

Implications:

  • D-dimer testing may not be a suitable negative predictor for canine ischemic stroke.
  • Further research into TEG findings could uncover predisposing hypercoagulable conditions in dogs with stroke.