Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

16.6K
For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
16.6K
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

23.9K
DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
23.9K
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

33.5K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
33.5K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

14.3K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
14.3K
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

40.6K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
40.6K
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

61.0K
During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
61.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cytoplasmic lattices store developmentally poised degradative and cytoskeletal complexes in mammalian eggs.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026
Same author

Dual site targeting of the bacterial 70S ribosome by tetracyclines.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Biochemical characterization of xyloglucan galactosyltransferases MUR3 and XLT2 from Spirodela polyrhiza.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2026
Same author

An Antifungal with a Novel Mechanism of Action Discovered via Resistance Gene-Guided Genome Mining.

ACS central science·2026
Same author

Structural basis of TACO1-mediated efficient mitochondrial translation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Conserved assembly architecture of the essential herpesvirus packaging accessory factor.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

15.9K

APOBEC3A Loop 1 Is a Determinant for Single-Stranded DNA Binding and Deamination.

Samantha J Ziegler1, Yingxia Hu1, Swapnil C Devarkar1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06511 , United States.

Biochemistry
|August 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) family

More Related Videos

Separation of Single-stranded DNA, Double-stranded DNA and RNA from an Environmental Viral Community Using Hydroxyapatite Chromatography
13:46

Separation of Single-stranded DNA, Double-stranded DNA and RNA from an Environmental Viral Community Using Hydroxyapatite Chromatography

Published on: September 29, 2011

32.3K
Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
13:07

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells

Published on: January 30, 2019

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET
11:27

Studying DNA Looping by Single-Molecule FRET

Published on: June 28, 2014

15.9K
Separation of Single-stranded DNA, Double-stranded DNA and RNA from an Environmental Viral Community Using Hydroxyapatite Chromatography
13:46

Separation of Single-stranded DNA, Double-stranded DNA and RNA from an Environmental Viral Community Using Hydroxyapatite Chromatography

Published on: September 29, 2011

32.3K
Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells
13:07

Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells

Published on: January 30, 2019

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The APOBEC3 (A3) protein family is crucial for innate immunity, editing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).
  • A3 proteins' deaminase activity poses risks in the nucleus due to lack of host-pathogen discrimination.
  • CRISPR-Cas9 technology enables targeted A3 base editing for potential disease therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of A3A loop 1 in substrate selection and deamination efficiency.
  • To enhance A3A's utility in base editing technology.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis of A3A residue H29.
  • Altering the length of the A3A loop 1 region.
  • Assessing deamination activity and substrate specificity.

Main Results:

  • Mutating H29 in A3A enhanced deamination activity without altering substrate specificity.
  • Increasing the length of loop 1 reduced A3A's substrate specificity.
  • Structural insights into A3A's ssDNA recognition and deamination mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding A3A loop 1 modifications can optimize base editing efficiency and specificity.
  • These findings advance the potential of A3A proteins in therapeutic base editing applications.
  • Further research into A3A structure-function relationships is warranted.