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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode
Published on: March 7, 2018
A Study on Fatigue State Evaluation of Rail by the Use of Ultrasonic Nonlinearity
Bo Zhu1, Jaesun Lee2
1Department of Quality and Technology, Shandong Special Equipment Inspection Institute Co., Ltd., Shandong 250101, China.
Abstract:
Nonlinear ultrasonic testing has been accepted as a promising manner for evaluating material integrity in an early stage. Stress fatigue is the main threats to train safety, railways examinations for stress fatigue are more significant and necessary. A series of ultrasonic nonlinear wave experiments are conducted for rail specimens extracted from railhead with different degree of fatigue produced by three-point bent loading condition. The nonlinear parameter is the indicator of nonlinear waves for expressing the degree the fatigue. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of a third harmonic longitudinal wave is higher than second harmonic longitudinal wave testing. As the same time, collinear wave mixing shows strong relative with fatigue damages than a second longitudinal wave nondestructive testing (NDT) method and provides more reliable results than third harmonic longitudinal waves nonlinear testing method.
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